Definition
PIAAC
The Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, an international survey of adult literacy, numeracy, and problem solving.
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Related terms in Health & Science
PeptideA short chain of amino acids that transmits biological signals. Insulin, GLP-1 drugs, and growth hormone secretagogues are all peptides.PharmacogenomicsThe study of how an individual's genetic makeup affects their response to drugs — determining which medications will be effective, which will be ineffective, and which may cause adverse reactions for a specific patient. Part of the broader personalized medicine movement. As genetic sequencing costs collapse and AI accelerates biomarker interpretation, pharmacogenomics enables physicians to prescribe based on individual biology rather than population-average clinical trial results. Eugene identifies this as a near-term frontier for AI-assisted healthcare, particularly for diseases like cancer that are inherently personalized.PharmacokineticsThe study of how a drug moves through the body over time, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Critical for understanding why GLP-1 doses stack and require careful titration.PHI (Protected Health Information)Protected health information, the category of personal health data governed by HIPAA.PMA (premarket approval)The FDA's most stringent device pathway, and the review track Grail's Galleri test is on.Polyphasic sleepBreaking sleep into multiple blocks across a day. Higgins and Kalanovska tried it running San Francisco and London hours simultaneously. It cost him his attention span.Polysomnography (PSG)The overnight hospital sleep study. Sixteen to twenty-six sensors, all-night signal capture, then a certified human scores every thirty seconds of the night for wake, sleep, and sleep stage. The reference standard everything else is measured against.Population Health ManagementThe practice of managing health outcomes across a defined population (a company's workforce, an insurer's members) rather than treating individual patients episodically. Requires aggregate data analysis, risk stratification across the full population, and proactive outreach to the highest-risk cohort before they present as acute cases. The economic logic: a small percentage of any population (typically 5%) drives the majority of healthcare costs. Identifying and intervening with that cohort early — before catastrophic events occur — is where the majority of preventable cost resides. Axenya's navigation nurses cover the top 5% of risk in each monitored population.